Illegal Immigrants And The Different Solutions Sociology Essay

Illegal Immigrants And The Different Solutions Sociology Essay The first Illegal Immigrants to ever step foot on American soil, the New World, was the pilgrims, thats right, us, the great American people. We traveled overseas from Britain and assumed ownership over America. The Native Americans who occupied the new territory were treated unfairly by us, the intruders. We treated them as if they were on our land, so we pushed them further away from the coast so we could take our place on this new soil, that we today call our home. Unfortunately, the Native Americans didnt have a government system to insure we had green cards and visas; otherwise they may still run this country. And now that we have The United State of America, we want to keep it ours. We refuse to have our country overran by a multitude of illegal aliens that are using our resources and taking our employment opportunities, while we, the hard-working Americans receive nothing in return. Nevertheless, that is exactly where America is today. There are nearly thirteen million illegal aliens in the United States, that is nearly four and a half percent of the population, and growing at roughly five hundred thousand illegal immigrants a year according to F.A.I.R Federation for American Immigration Reform. This is a major disposition for the economic and social order of the United States. Illegal Immigration creates many problems, higher unemployment rates, health care issues, not paying taxes, and many others. The Problems that are caused by Illegal immigration grow rapidly as the population of illegal immigrants increase. Something needs to be done, and no one has a definite solution to this issue, but I believe I have an answer. The first problem that Illegal Immigrants cause, is the increasing rise of the unemployment rate for national legal citizens. The average unemployment rate of the United States is 9.7%, according to Beck. That doesnt seem too drastic, but if you look at the locations where most of the Illegal immigrants are employed and live; the unemployment rate of those states are higher than those that are not affected as much by Illegal Immigrants. California has the most illegal immigrants with 12.5%; Texas, New York, Illinois, and Florida follow closely behind with the most illegal individuals. Each of these 5 states is in the top 9 states with the highest unemployment rate. What does the unemployment rate and illegal immigrants have in common? Im glad you asked, Illegal Immigrants, wait Im tired of that name, I want to sound politically correct, Ill call them undocumented workers. CITE PAGE NUMBERS The reason that undocumented workers come to the United States is so they can provide a better life for their families. They come here in pursuit of jobs, because they are unable to find them in their country. As a result, the immigrants take more employment opportunities compared to any other state. California has employment opportunities that Americans could excel in, but the Americans are refused because undocumented workers took them. Now, before I go any further, this is where illegal immigration activists argue, undocumented workers do the jobs that Americans arent willing to do. Thats bologna, Have you ever seen the show Dirty Jobs? In one episode Mike Rowe, the host of Dirty Jobs helped clean the sewer of San Francisco; the sewer ran the length of the streets following in suit with the hills, thats not a very intriguing job, yet it was still the work of a blue collar American. Another job he participated in was Horse Inseminator you can just use your imagination with that one. The point of all these examples is that Americans are willing to do whatever it takes to hav e a paying job, especially with the way our economy is now Swift Company meat-processing plants lost about nine percent of their workforce when they were raided in six states. After the raids, Swift raised their pay by almost two dollars an hour and hundreds of residents lined up the next day to take the jobs illegal aliens used to have. Howard industries, an electronics maker in Laurel, Mississippi, was raided in the fall of 2008. Hundreds of citizens soon lined up to apply for the new job opportunities, including one woman who drove 40 miles. This doesnt include those individuals who are lazy and unmotivated, while they rather milk the government instead of getting a real job. Now that I got that off my chest, the issue with undocumented workers having jobs isnt our governments fault, or the average Americans; its the companies and employers that hire them. Bear Stearns Reported That between four and six million jobs have moved to the underground economy since 1990. Those are the jobs Americans wont do, but rather the jobs they used to do before illegal labor became much more attractive to employers. Companies can hire undocumented workers at a fraction of the cost of hiring deserving legal American citizens. I dont blame employers for taking the cheaper route of hiring undocumented workers. There are a number of advantages, such as, no payroll tax since the employer is paying under the table. They dont have to have to worry about supplying health insurance for their employees, and finally they can pay lower wages since undocumented workers dont have that legal right to an attorney, or the privilege of equal rights. Every legal citizen of the United States has become accustomed to paying taxes, from the time they get their first job to the day they die. To see the importance of the argument Im about to make, I have to explain how taxes are used. Taxes help maintain roads, highways, and the public school system so our children can have an education. Taxes also pay for public safety, police officers, prisons, and defense. Taxes also go to a number of other areas in our nation, but thats a general list. If a citizen doesnt pay his/her taxes there are consequences that can occur depending on the situation. If someone neglects to pay taxes or tries to get out of paying taxes otherwise known as tax evasion, there can be fines, criminal charges, auditing, investigations, and garnishing of wages. There could be a giant disposition for a single individual to handle. But, luckily for undocumented workers, they dont have to worry about paying taxes. They get to use our resources, have our jobs and not have to worry about filing a tax return at the end of the year. Yes, they have to pay sales tax, but that is only 7.25% on the dollar, compared to 20% of ones salary. The only time undocumented workers pay any kind of income tax is if they somehow got a social security card illegally, then they pay social security tax. They deliberately perform tax evasion with no punishment, when a normal American citizen would be punished. Another big issue with undocumented workers is health care. American citizens get the privilege of owning health insurance which covers costs that get accrued when visiting hospitals and doctors. Undocumented workers dont get the privilege to own health insurance, so they have to pay for their health care out of pocket. The cost of having basic procedures are mind boggling, too expensive for a family in an upper class salary bracket to afford without health insurance. I wonder how an undocumented worker can afford to pay for their medical issues, my guess is they cant. Most of the time when someone cant, or dont pay their medical bills, the hospital just has a collection agency garnish their wages. With an undocumented worker its a bit different, with no records of where they work, where they live, or a social security number, how to hospitals get that money? Well the answer is they dont, most of time hospitals just eat debt and wait for the government to reimburse them for the loss. So if the government is reimbursing the hospitals, essentially the American people are paying the hospitals for the loss. With the government having to give money to the hospitals that causes taxes to go up. When taxes go up, people have less money to stimulate the economy, thus causes a recession. With all that being said, what has the government and states come up with for solutions? In 1996 Bill Clinton decided to use border control to help in his campaign, he had a 14 foot fence 40 miles long put in to help deter the flow of undocumented workers. This is great in theory, but the border between Mexico and the United states is roughly 2000 miles, which only leaves a 1,940 mile gap. In 2006 George W. Bush had plans for a virtual fence which would have cost 6.7 billion dollars. The virtual fence would consist of, cameras, ground sensors, and radars. The virtual fence would stretch almost the entire Mexican Border. The whole project was canceled by the Obama Administration, after spending nearly 700 million dollars and seeing nearly no results. Even if the virtual fence was completed, there would be a stretch of 200 miles in Big Bend National Park in Texas that wouldnt have a virtual fence established. (Thats like having a home security system installed but putting a note on the front door saying that the back door doesnt have a sensor yet. -Glenn Beck) There is a government agency that helps with deportation of Illegal Immigrants; this agency is referred as Ice Air. Basically its an airline dedicated to transporting illegal persons back to their home country. Ice Air has all the amenities that you would find on Continental, TWA, or Southwest Airlines. Every passenger gets a meal, soda, peanuts. But the only difference is that it is paid for by a legal national citizen, thats right, Illegal Immigrants get a free ride back home. An average one-way single person ticket would normally cost roughly 700 dollars. There have been stories about Illegal Immigrants who had turned themselves in. Their reasoning in often cases were so they could get a free ride home for holidays, and then they just sneak back over as it becomes a repeating pattern for them. Basically the Illegal Immigrants are getting smart; they are using our agencies for their benefits. That is what we get for having such poor deportation and border control methods. It seems like there have been solutions to the problem at hand, but none have been followed through or thought out very well. I have a question for you, do illegal immigrants have civil rights, and do they have rights under our National Constitution? Personally I dont think they should, but the Government seems to think so when it comes to suing National Born Citizens. Arizona Ranchers Roger and Barbara Barnet were sued by 16 Illegal Immigrants after holding them at gun point on his property as they crossed the borders illegally. He held them there until authorities arrived; Barnett has turned almost 12,000 Illegal Immigrants over to the authorities since 1998. The Illegal Immigrants said that they were traumatized and that their civil rights were violated. What civil rights were they talking about? I dont think the U.S Constitution says anything about Illegal Immigrants having rights in our Nation. Barnett said some of his cattle died from ingesting the plastic bottles left behind by the immigrants, with that he added, that he installed a faucet on an 8,000-gallon water tank so the immigrants would stop damaging the tank to get water. Mr. Barnett said some of the ranch ´s established immigrant trails were littered with trash 10 inches deep, including human waste, used toilet paper, soiled diapers, cigarette packs, clothes, backpacks, empty 1-gallon water bottles, chewing-gum wrappers and aluminum foil which supposedly is used to pack the drugs the immigrant smugglers give their clients to keep them running. The Illegal Immigrants sued Barnett for nearly 32 million dollars, thats insane. The courts didnt see it Barnetts way, but they also didnt see it the immigrants way either. The immigrants won the law suit, but only got 100,000 dollars. That fires me up, how can a group of people who have no rights in our country sue a national legal law abiding citizen and win?! Our government is screwy if you ask me. How are people like Barnett supposed to handle situations like this? It just doesnt make sense to me but a lot of things dont make sense to me, such as, Obama wanting to make it to where undocumented workers are able to get drivers license legally. Thats giving rights to people who have no rights under law of being in our country. It seems like instead of setting up ways to abolish Illegal Immigrants, the government just wants to find ways to give them legal rights in our nation. Ok I could go on and on with this argument and debate, but this paper has to come to an end eventually. So my solution to this problem is fairly simplistic on paper, but more difficult in action. I propose that the government imposes a $50,000 fine for each undocumented worker that any employer has. It may sound outrageous, but I believe that employers shouldnt be allowed to cut corners; its essentially tax evasion. The employee will face other felony charges, and maybe even a prison sentence. I believe that would be a great scare tactic to keep most employers from hiring undocumented workers. With no jobs available, we can only hope that undocumented workers head back across the borders to their home countries. Some people argue if you force companies to higher legal citizens they have to raise their wages, which is true, but they also say if companies raise wages that they may not be able to stay in business. My response would be good, if a company cant stay in business because the y have to raise their wages for legal American citizens then they have no business being in business. Another idea to add to my solution is what Bill Clinton already started, a fence; two 14 tall fences stretching the length of the border, all 2000 miles. At an average cost of 5 million dollars a mile, that would cost roughly 20 billion dollars. People might argue that this hypothesis is way too expensive on the tax payers, but if you look at the budget set in for the stimulus package youll notice that the amount of money that set aside for unemployment was roughly 40 billion dollars. Then I also would propose a compromise to allow for some illegals to come out of the wood work, and we would allow them to become legal national citizens. To sum things up, with no jobs for illegal immigrants, they would leave the country because there isnt any prosperity for them here. Also with an enormous fence, that will help deter illegal immigration from occurring as often. With no Illegal Immigr ants being in the United States, employers are forced to higher national citizens, thus reducing the national unemployment rate, and reducing that amount of money government has to pay. When it comes to Illegal Immigrants using our hospitals, I believe that they should just be refused, yes that sounds harsh, but it isnt fair to our hospitals when they have to eat the loss, because the intruders cant get provide a payment for people who are honest national citizens. This will save the government and hospitals money also. That is essentially my solution to the Illegal Immigrant issues, it makes sense to me, but since Im not known in politics my voice may never be heard on this subject. U.S. Code Title 8, Section 1325 Any alien who (1) enters or attempts to enter the United States at any time or place other than as designated by immigration officers, or (2) eludes examination or inspection by immigration officers, or (3) attempts to enter or obtains entry to the United States by a willfully false or misleading representation or the willful concealment of a material fact, shall, for the first commission of any such offense, be fined under title 18 or imprisoned not more than 6 months, or both, and, for a subsequent commission of any such offense, be fined under title 18, or imprisoned not more than 2 years, or both. (b) Improper time or place; civil penalties Any alien who is apprehended while entering (or attempting to enter) the United States at a time or place other than as designated by immigration officers shall be subject to a civil penalty of (1) at least $50 and not more than $250 for each such entry (or attempted entry); or (2) twice the amount specified in paragraph (1) in the case of an alien who has been previously subject to a civil penalty under this subsection. Civil penalties under this subsection are in addition to, and not in lieu of, any criminal or other civil penalties that may be imposed. The paragraph above is the statutes for Illegal Immigration, half the information in it isnt even enforced. Mostly because it cant, we dont have the resources, or enough border control to apprehend the ones crossing the border. Our nation has so many problems with border control that half the time that Illegal Immigrants are apprehended they are let go, and given a citation with a court date on it. Reasoning behind the citation is because our prison system is so full already. Our government needs to come up with a good plan because our country is going to fall apart faster than a jenga tower standing on one block. http://law.onecle.com/uscode/8/1325.html. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/feb/09/16-illegals-sue-arizona-rancher/ http://www.pbs.org/kpbs/theborder/history/interactive-timeline.html http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2009/feb/09/16-illegals-sue-arizona-rancher/ http://www.fairus.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticleid=16859security=1601news_iv_ctrl=1007

Panthers :: essays research papers

Bobby Seale   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bobby Seale was one of the co-founders of the Black Panther Party. He was born on October 22, 1939 in Dallas Texas. By the time Bobby was ten his family moved to Oakland, California where he would have a rough childhood. Seale’s family was very poor so this only added to his dire childhood. Bobby eventually dropped out of high school and at 18 he was indicted into the Air Force. He was immediately sent to Amarillo, Texas to receive training as an aircraft sheet-metal mechanic. He soon graduated from the Technical School Class of Air Force training with honors. After that, he was moved to Rapid City, South Dakota at Ellsworth Air Force Base. Bobby served here for three and a half years and left with the rank of corporal. After he left the Air Force he enrolled at Merrit College in Oakland where he intended to study engineering. Bobby first became interested in 1962 when he first heard Malcolm-X speak. During his enrollment at the University, he joined the Af ro-American Association (AAA) which was an organization formed by young African-Americans in Oakland to try to confront the problems faced by the black community. This was an organization that tried to confront the problem faced by the black community. Seale got interested very quickly and was inspired by such people as Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. du Bois. Another member of the AAA named Huey Newton had very similar beliefs as Bobby. Soon Bobby became one of the many black activists who broke away from the traditional non-violent protests to â€Å"preach a doctrine of militant black empowerment.† Bobby and Huey became very close friends and in 1966 formed the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense. Bobby Seale is still alive today and is no longer involved in violent protests. He is running his own web site that tells of his adventures and why he did everything he did in his earlier years. Huey Newton   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Huey Percy Newton was the other major co-founder of the Black Panther Party. Huey was born on February 17, 1942, in New Orleans, Louisiana. He was the youngest of Armelia and Walter Newton's seven children. When he was three years old he moved to Oakland, California. Huey and his family fled to the hard core side of Oakland because his father was looking for good work that was out of the Louisiana Bayou.

Religious Believers Understand More Essay

To discuss this statement first we must look at the definition of understanding. Religious believers and scientists would probably differ in their definitions and therefore disagree from the beginning. A religious person would perhaps say that understanding the world means knowing how to be a good person, how to live a good life and fulfill God’s plan. A scientist would probably disagree, saying that understanding the world is having a wide knowledge and good comprehension of how the world works including theories like evolution and understanding why and how things occur. Another slight problem with this statement is its implication that one cannot be a religious believer and a scientist when in fact there are many religious scientists who seem to have science and religion existing harmoniously in their lives. If we are defining understanding as understanding how to live a good life, then I believe that the Bible and Religious Believers do understand more about the world than Scientists do. Religious Believers have a better understanding of how the universe and mans place in it was set up, but it’s hard for people to understand correctly because it’s not in scientific terms, it’s in myths and metaphors. You can’t see it with our available scientific instruments, it’s something you experience. Religious Believers have direct guidance from their Holy texts, e.g. for the Jewish faith, the Torah on how to live their life. They are taught, by the Ten Commandments, that they are not to steal, not to commit adultery and not to murder. One criticism of scientists is that a number of assumption are made to give parameters to an experiment. Also perception can be fallible, as we expect to see things, so we see them. We don’t expect to see them, so we miss them out. In response to this, in the parable the invisible gardener; where the religious believer trusts that the gardener came but couldn’t be seen and the other (scientist) believing that there couldn’t be a gardener because there was no empirical evidence of this. This shows that even though there was no evidence of the gardener or God they still hold a belief, whereas the scientist had to be proven. Some claim that believers only want hope. Religious Believers hope for the return of their â€Å"invisible gardener†, while New Atheists (Richard Dawkins and his followers) have no expectations of a new life after death, thereforelive their lives without fear of an almighty God smiting them down. In this situation, one could argue that the Religious Believer is playing it safe, however they still understand the world better, in many cases they see it as an almighty being’s creation. In conclusion, I believe that, although Scientists have proof of the age of the earth, and that they have proven many facts of the Earth, They do not have as good guidance as Religious Believers do on understanding life.

Research Paper on Prayer

Research Paper on Prayer We live in a nation that says personal freedom is the fundamental and supreme value. There is no room for state-mandated prayer in a nation of citizens that greatly value their individuality. The nation we live in has no governmentally adopted religion or particular religious faith, this is because of the constitutional principle that the Supreme Court has maintained for many years, this â€Å"wall of separation between Church and State† that makes America a model of religious freedom. Religion matters tremendously in the United States, a world torn by conflict over religious differences the United States is the most religiously diverse nation on Earth. Therefore we are not officially a Christian nation, which gives us the ability to actually live up to the First Amendment and have more religious liberty in this country. That diversity will be endangered, not enhanced, if an amendment is passed that would promote organized school prayer. A proposal like enforcing prayer in public schools will create the type of division that the framers of the Constitution were seeking to prevent when they adopted the First Amendment. Children, who are required to attend school by law, should not be placed in the position of having to choose between pressures from their teachers, peers, and their parent’s instructions on religious practice. School sponsorship of a religious message is impermissible because it sends a subliminal message to the students, of leaving some who are nonadherents feeling as though they are outsiders. The current United States Supreme Court’s interpretation of the First Amendment does not prohibit students from praying voluntarily in school. However, it does bar organized school sponsored prayer. This is the difference between the right to pray in school, which is an absolute right, and the right not to be coerced to pray. Texas Governor Rick Perry led an organized prayer at an East Texas middle school on October 18, 2001. At the end of his prayer he offered â€Å"in Jesus’ name,† and some students responded with â€Å"Amen.† This is a problem because the students were required to attend this assembly therefore this was an organized prayer that students who may be nonbelievers or even of other religions were forced to participate in. The Governor took his personal perspective in consideration, â€Å"prayer life and a country that respects a higher being, our God, is a stronger country.† That is his belief and he took it upon himself to say that the majority of people in Texas believe the same thing. Has America along with the Governor forgotten about the rights of the minority? He overlooked the right not to be coerced to pray and the fact that not all Texans are going to be comfortable with the same prayer. Rick Perry is oppressing those that are of the Mormon, Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, and Buddhist religion, or nonbelievers by saying that we all pray to the same God, and those who don’t should just show benevolence. The Governor should know that the founders of our nation strongly believed that the government, whether on the national or local level, should not become involved in any way in religious activities, which is exactly what he did. It is just not possible to have organized prayer in school w hen the United States is the multicultural melting pot of the world. In the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks, people in the nation should be called to prayer and students need a sanctuary. The sanctuary that students need can be found in the schools. Schools have students for at least 30 hours a week, which is more time than what the parents have in reality, and 30 times more than the church. More than any other institution in the world, the school has that unique opportunity with the next generation. The school is the school, an institution for learning, providing instruction and the church is the church, a clergy of a religious body. It is not the duty of the public school to teach religion or practice any majority religion. Parents are still the sole providers and teachers of morality for their children, and because students spend most of their time at public schools does not take away the duties that parents have to their children. Bringing a child up in a particular faith or teaching them the beliefs of a particular faith is a privilege and right of a parent. Wanting to bring religion to the children in public schools takes away that right and responsibility from parents. Most Americans do not want the government interfering in any of their most private affairs, one of them being religion. The public school that a parent’s child may be attending could be the very school that teaches a prayer that endorses beliefs that offend a parent. There are concerns about a decline in moral values in the country and in the increase in violence on the streets and in America’s homes. William Bennett, former Secretary of Education, claims that the 1962 decision, Engel v. Vitale of banning official prayer from the public schools, is directly responsible for the national decline. The 1962 decision marked a rapid plunge in SAT scores, a high rise in the teenage pregnancy rate and many other social problems. However, these are misleading claims, the social problems are related to the increase in wealth and opportunity and education between the richest and poorest people in our society. It is obvious that the decline and social problem have clearly nothing to do with prayer in public schools. For it is very crucial that America remembers that the school or any other government body cannot substitute for our churches, synagogues, mosques, homes, or any other place of worship. Prayer in the public schools will infringe on religious liberty rights, it will encourage divisiveness along religious lines in a public school setting, the minority religion will never prevail and their views will be effectively silenced. The nation’s founders believed that people should be free to pursue their own religious beliefs without government interference. Government endorsement of religion in a public school is a violation of the First Amendment and religious freedom should never be subjected to majority vote. You can also order a custom essay, term paper, thesis, dissertation or research paper on prayer from our custom research writing service which provides high-quality custom written papers at an affordable cost. Here is a list of the most popular essay topics on prayer: Should Prayer be Allowed in Schools? Prayer In School Religious Freedom? Power of Prayer Distant Intercessory Prayer Injustice on Prayer in Colleges A Prayer for Own Meany An Instrument of God Prayer for Success Does God Need the Church? Prayer Session Exodus 2:23-3:10 Prayer in Portrait of the Artist Analytical Response: Prayer before birth and Mid-term break

Music Piracy essays

Music Piracy essays On September 19, 2003, the Federal Communications Commission filed 196 lawsuits against citizens who were pirating music. The people ranged from a ten year-old girl to a seventy-five-year old grandfather, who had allowed his grandchildren to use his computer. The suits were filed against down-loaders who had pirated well over 800 songs. Only recently has the issue of file sharing become an out-of-control problem. The public is fascinated with having access to music without paying, or paying very little for it. Although down-loading is a common activity in households today, the FCC and artists alike find file sharing to be a hobby which must come to an end. Typically, the first step to promoting an album is to release the single on the radio. The audience grows affection for this song, and cannot wait for the C.D. to come out. However, thanks to the internet, people can have access to the single right after its radio release. File sharing solves the issue of waiting months to hear one particular song. In some cases, that one single happens to be the only good song on the album. Rather than pay eighteen dollars for twelve songs, in which only one holds significance, listeners are now downloading that solo track for free. Unknown bands also have a chance to introduce their music to the world; posting tracks online helps the musicians gain a following without going through a major record label. Websites such as Napster were a success because visitors could download as many songs as they liked without paying a dime. Eventually, the FCC found means to shut down the site, which led to the creation of such sites as Kazaa and Morpheus. Kazaa allows visitors to download up to two hundred songs before they have to pay a fee. After that, they are charged around ninety-nine cents a song. Napster made a comeback in the fall of 2002 by charging down-loaders around ninety cents a song. However, this minor charge came about only recently ...

Discuss in DETAIL six Cognitive distortions Essay

Discuss in DETAIL six Cognitive distortions - Essay Example Due to such a perception, an individual may end up having a self perception that may be distorted or completely untrue. A third distortion is magnification or minimization which occurs when an individual ignores the positive and over thinks about the negatives or ignores the negative and only thinks about the positives in himself or herself. Personalization is a fourth kind of distortion occurs when an individual connects an unrelated event to his/her state and believes that it is connected to him/her. For example: an individual may believe that the death of a loved one was caused by them. The fifth kind of cognitive distortion is All-or-nothing thinking which takes place when an individual is of the idea that events should happen as he/she may want it to be or they have completely failed. Selective abstractions take place when an individual chooses a certain part of an event to prove that he she was experiencing depression at that

What is the heart of Catholicism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

What is the heart of Catholicism - Essay Example For salvation and redemption, people need to gather around the bishop since he is the true descendant of God and, therefore, of Jesus. In Catholicism, this institutional approach to belief and the importance of communion with the Holy See through a religious medium like church or other religious authority are essentially inspired by Biblical evidences and history. One of Jesus’ speeches supports Catholicism’s claim about the importance of a believer’s communion with the religious authority is as following: â€Å"I say to you, something greater than the temple is here† (Barron 24). Indeed in Catholicism, the ideas of ‘temple’ and ‘bishop’ are the representatives of each other. In this regard, Barron says, â€Å"If Jesus is, in his person, the true temple, then he should be the definitive source of teaching, healing and, forgiveness and this is just what the Gospel tells us† (Barron 24). Indeed this very basis of Christ’s persona as the sole source salvation and redemption lies at the heart of Catholicism. Indeed, proper religious authority plays an important role in shaping the rites and rituals of Catholicism. The propriety of religious authority is often determined by sacramental evidences. While the Catholics unanimously believe in the ministration of Christ as the temple of teaching, salvation and redemption, the bishop is believed to be the true spiritual descendant of Christ himself. Therefore a bishop plays a very important role in catholic rites and rituals. For an instance, Catholic dogma asserts that the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper must be administered by certain qualified persons. According to the Roman Catholic Church, â€Å"only a Catholic Priest ordained into the apostolic succession can administered the Eucharist† (Erickson 1122). Erickson further says in this regard, â€Å"If any other person should take the same physical elements and pronounce the same words over them, they would remain bread and