To what extent is social class the best indicator of twentieth-century voting patterns in Britain Essay Example

To what extent is social class the best indicator of twentieth-century voting patterns in Britain? Essay Social class continues to play a significant role in the electoral outcomes of all modern democracies. This is particularly true in Britain, as the nation still grapples with a historical legacy that is rooted in class divisions. Having embraced democracy toward the later half of the nineteenth century, political institutions have evolved to function around existing class demarcations. While class consciousness still plays a major role in British polity, it may no longer be the primary force of policy making that it once was. This essay will attempt to assess the relationship between social class and election outcomes in twentieth century Britain by way of citing evidence from scholarly literature. Seen from a historical perspective, the British, and especially the English, â€Å"have traditionally considered themselves above nationalism†. In other words, the self-identity of British citizens is influenced more by their socio-economic background than notions of being uniquely English. This is acknowledged by politicians from both ends of the political spectrum. As Roger Scruton points out, â€Å"In the United Kingdom nationalism is confined to the Celtic fringes, where it has been associated with movements for home rule in Ireland, Scotland and – to some extent – Wales. English nationalism is virtually unknown, at least under that description.† (Harris, 1998) â€Å"None of which, of course, is to suggest that the British in general, or the English in particular, have altogether lacked self-awareness. The apparent absence of introspection has often been a pose. But it began as a reflection of the reality that the British in their heyday did not need to assert their national identity because it was already so pervasive. And not just good manners but common prudence required that such power be cloaked in a degree of self-effacement.† (Harris, 1998) We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent is social class the best indicator of twentieth-century voting patterns in Britain? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent is social class the best indicator of twentieth-century voting patterns in Britain? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent is social class the best indicator of twentieth-century voting patterns in Britain? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Class divisions in Britain were at their peak during the first half of the twentieth century. The working class Britain had for long been oppressed by monarchy, aristocracy and the industrial elite. The moment of recognition for its blood, sweat and toil for the nation, and its contribution to the success of the Industrial Revolution did not arrive until 1914, when it was asked to participate in the Great War. It was then that Lloyd George â€Å"proposed ‘homes fit for heroes’ and built the first huge council estates, thereby cementing class segregation into the landscape. For a brief period during and after the Second World War, the desires and needs of working-class people were taken into account–that is, until they became inconvenient. Voters asked for houses with gardens to be built, but millions got flats nonetheless† (Gurney, 1994). â€Å"Along similar lines, it has now become commonplace to point out that working-class voters did not â€Å"ask† for immigration from the old British empire. Nor did they ask for the empire in the first place, but few marched against it in the same way as dockers, meat porters and factory workers did in support of Enoch Powell following his calculatedly vile â€Å"rivers of blood† speech†. (Clarke, et. al, 2004) Further evidence for the relevance of class in elections in Britain is forwarded by John Goldthorpe. His topological model â€Å"constrains the statistical analysis to admit only traditional class alliances into the calculation of the effect of class on voting outcome. His model also introduces a distinction between positive and negative class voting† (Clarke, et. al, 2004). For instance, in Britain, citizens from the working class exercise positive class voting by choosing to vote Labour and exhibit a negative class voting pattern by voting against the Tories. In a comprehensive investigation of elections between 1964 and 1992, Goldthorpe found that â€Å"negative class voting fluctuates more than positive class voting. In particular, Conservative successes are frequently tied to their â€Å"national party† appeals that lower the propensity of workers (including routine white collar and elite blue collar workers) to vote against them† (Clarke, et. al, 2004). But, with the sudden dismantling of the British Empire after the Second World War, Britain underwent an inevitable process of Balkanization. The twentieth century British democracy can be said to be defined by this process of Balkanization of the nation. Although foreign political commentators have not understood this phenomenon well, there is no doubt that we are witnessing a changing national awareness as a result. In the previous two centuries, when the British Empire bestrode the world and the school maps were printed with British flags, it was no surprise that London was regarded the centre of the world as opposed to the more realistic post Second World war notion of a refuge for a threatened society in retreat (Hanley, 2008). It was at this juncture that a new middle class emerged in the political scene. As Ben Page of the MORI Social Research Institute points out, â€Å"the label Middle England is used as a convenient shorthand for the 25 per cent of the population who are no t surgically wedded to one of the main parties–and who happen to live in marginal constituencies. For this group, party commitment is weak and the impression made by an individual leader is strong. Policies are generally weakly linked with voting intention–unless they push the right buttons† (Reeves, 2007). While traditionally the British electorate was categorized into the working class and the ruling class, the twentieth century had seen the rise of Middle England, which is at times caricatured to be â€Å"insular, selfish, xenophobic, homophobic, anti-welfare, anti-Europe and generally resentful† (Benson, 1989). The rise to prominence of Middle England is attributed to the fact that â€Å"its inhabitants are in fact more numerous, more diverse and considerably more liberal than the stereotype†, making it a real electoral force (Benson, 1989). The notion of Middle England being a twentieth century phenomenon is well documented in English scholarship, as the following passage shows. â€Å"Ian Hislop, researching his BBC radio series Looking for Middle England, found Lord Salisbury using the term in 1882, but it did not seem to have caught on. The historian David Cannadine records in his Class in Britain that it was Mrs T herself who introduced the term into the modern political lexicon–apparently copying Richard Nixon’s conjuring of â€Å"Middle America†. Politically, Middle England denotes a set of voters, presumed to have mainstream attitudes, who are also disproportionately likely to be swing voters in marginal constituencies. Martin Jacques has complained that Middle England is a metaphor for respectability, the nuclear family, conservatism, whiteness, middle age and the status quo.† (Reeves, 2007) A strong indicator of social class’ relevance to twentieth century British politics is the amount of research and analysis dedicated to this area. For example, using scientific methods, researchers have coined a term called ‘absolute class voting’, which is defined as â€Å"middle-class Conservative plus working class Labour votes as a proportion of the total votes cast†. The assumption behind ‘absolute class voting’ is that the electorate is naturally affiliated to the political party representing their class. In other words, Leftist parties are identified with working class Britain and Rightist parties with white collar workers. If the percentage of electorate voting for their default party affiliation falls, the levels of class voting can be said to have declined. This method of ascertaining class voting patterns in Britain has proved consistent with empirical evidence. It is another matter that recent election results suggest a decline in c lass based party affiliations (Manza, 1995). For example, â€Å"Class analysts do recognize the importance of collective mobility, in particular the decline of the manual working class and other changes in class structures of post-industrial societies. For example, a significant portion of the poor electoral results of the Labour Party in Britain is a reflection of substantial decline in the size of the manual working class in recent decades. While acknowledging the force of non-class cleavages on political attitudes (and to a lesser extent, political partisanship), analysts who continue to emphasize the importance of class argue that non-class cleavages have always existed in capitalist societies and that there is little evidence yet that new cleavages are emerging that are actually bringing about class de-alignment, especially with respect to partisanship.† (Manza, 1995) The Sociological approach assumes that voting preferences change as per the socio-economic background of the individual voter, and generally people vote for the party that best represents their interests. While such background factors can include religion, gender, race, financial status etc., for the most part they represent social class identification. The first major study of voting behaviour in Britain was carried out by the team of Butler and Stokes’, whose results were published in the book Political Change in Britain (1964). They concluded that British democracy functioned as a â€Å"stable two-party system with the principal cleavage between non-manual workers and manual workers, the former voting Conservative and the latter, Labour† (Shaw, 1998). While this assessment is true for much of the century, there have been periods of exception. For instance, the consecutive successes of the Tories under the leadership of Margaret Thatcher in the years between 1979 and 1991 were based on the strong support from Conservative Party supporters who comprised 43 percent of the total electorate. Added to this, the sharp downturn in the Labour Party’s electoral prospects and the steady support for new alternatives have induced this anomaly in British voting behaviour. In fact, commentators such as Crewe, Dunleavy, Rose and McAllister argue that

Ethics And The Law Example

Ethics And The Law Example Ethics And The Law – Coursework Example Ethics and the law It is important for drug manufacturers to include graphic warnings in their advertisements because some drugs have got special problems, especially the ones that may cause serious injury or even death. Such drugs with boxed warnings usually have a brief summary which basically is a technical name for the comprehensive information which appears in advertisements for most of prescription drugs. It is also a requirement by the law that advertisements for most prescription drugs be printed or made known to the customers so as to alert them of any risks associated with the taking of such drug. The brief summary ought to include guidelines on individuals who are not supposed to take the drug, times when the drug should not be taken, any serious, potential drug side effects ,if known, as well as measures that can be taken to minimise the possibility of having them and finally constantly occurring, though not essentially severe side effects. The other reasons include drugs that interact negatively with other drugs should be indicated together with low health literacy amongst patients; which basically involves struggling with understanding as well as acting on health information(Shinyabola,etal,2014).Graphic warnings are a crucial way of passing medication information to consumers, as long as patients can easily comprehend them. In addition to using graphic warnings while doing drug adverts, health care givers should offer guidance to underserved people on medication warnings; particularly persons with low health literacy and currently not on prescription medication .Generally, these endeavors benefit consumers a great deal.Works citedfda.gov/Drugs/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/PrescriptionDrugAdvertising/ucm072025.htmShiyanbola Olayinka, Meyer Brittney,Locke Michelle,Wettergreen Sara. "Perceptions of prescription warning labels within an underserved population." Pharmacy Practice (2014): np.

How To Cure Writers Block (With 200+ Creative Prompts)

How To Cure Writers Block (With 200+ Creative Prompts) Have you ever found yourself wondering how to get rid of writers block? Many writers have asked me how I deal with it. The thing is though, I dont really believe it exists. When a writer says, I have writers block, theyre actually just stuck. And being stuck stinks, doesnt it? In this post, I want to organically help you find your way out of being stuck. By the end of this post, youll know how to find inspiration so that youll be able to refresh your writing. Youll have absolutely no reason to feel stuck or afraid of the blinking cursor. Youve got this. Lets dig in. Table Of Contents Is Writers Block A Legend Or Is It Real? First Off Why Are You Stuck? Types Of Brainstorming And How To Find Your TopicWhat Happens When You Say Bye To #WritersBlock? (100+ Creative Writing Prompts) via @devinberglund Is Writer's Block A Legend Or Is It Real? When all is said and done, writer's block is really just a mixture of feeling stuck, having a lack of good planning, and maybe a hint of procrastination, which throws us into the downward spiral of being stuck. Which is usually when writers say, "I have writer's block!" I  love what writer, Neil Gaiman,  says about writer's block: â€Å"If you turn around and go, ‘I am blocked,’ this is just something writers say because we’re really clever. It sounds like it has nothing to do with you: ‘I would love to write today, but I am blocked. The gods have done it to me,’† he said. â€Å"And it’s not true. Cellists don’t have cellist block. Gardeners don’t have gardener’s block. TV hosts do not have TV host block. But writers have claimed all the blocks, and we think it’s a real thing.† It makes sense doesn't it? Cellists do not have cellist block. Gardeners do not have gardeners block. #writing #writersblockEver since I heard him say that, I knew he was right. I know that I've given myself the excuse that I can't write because I'm blocked. When in actuality, it's because I haven't planned out what I am writing well enough. That's what caused me to be stuck in the first place. That's probably also what is causing you to be stuck, too. An unhealthy dose of "being stuck" + lack of good planning + procrastination = Writer's Block Imagine if you got your foot stuck while hiking. Would you just lay down there and say, "I can't move because my foot is stuck?" If you got your foot stuck while hiking, would you quit? #writingNo... you wouldn't. I know you wouldn't. You'd get your foot unstuck. And that is what you have to do when you get stuck with your writing. Instead of saying, "I have writer's block," it's important to see the culprit behind the phrase writer's block for what it truly is. You are stuck. But, you might be asking me, "But Devin, how do I get unstuck? I'm really struggling here." I totally know how you feel, so here are some helpful ways to get unstuck. Being stuck is hard, but you can always get unstuck. Being stuck is hard but you can always get unstuck. #amwriting #writersblockBack To Table Of Contents First Off... Why Are You Stuck? Take a good look at your situation. What is it that is causing you to be stuck? 1. Are You Scared? Whether you are scared of what people will think or scared of being great, I can only think of what  Marianne Williamson said about fear: Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our darkness that most frightens us. We ask ourselves, Who am I to be brilliant, gorgeous, talented, fabulous? Actually, who are you not to be? You are a child of God. Your playing small does not serve the world. There is nothing enlightened about shrinking so that other people won't feel insecure around you. We are all meant to shine, as children do. We were born to make manifest the glory of God that is within us. It's not just in some of us; it's in everyone. And as we let our own light shine, we unconsciously give other people permission to do the same. As we are liberated from our own fear, our presence automatically liberates others. When you shine your light you give other's a chance to do the same. #writing #amwritingSo what are you scared of? Start writing. Pro Tip: Get out some paper. Ask yourself: "What am I scared of?" and write it out. No one ever has to see your thoughts. This is for you. 2. Are The Words Just Not Coming? Sit down and brainstorm. Keep reading for some awesome brainstorming tips that help me when I am stuck. Are you completely into what you are writing? If not, are you procrastinating from finishing the project you are working on? If you are working on (or procrastinating on working on) a project that needs to be finished, follow Nike's slogan "Just do it"! Stop painfully waiting for it to write itself. Pro Tip: Set a timer for 20–30 minutes and dedicate that time to just typing it out. Get that blog post or article done. Recommended Reading: How To Write More  Content To Increase Your Blogging Schedule Whether it's for work or your own writing, it's important that you continue doing the work.  I went to a writing conference a few years ago and saw this video. It clearly pictures what happens when we've gotten past the "inspiration" part of writing something or working on a project. A time comes when you have to just get into it and finish it. It's hard, but you can do it. (Promise me you'll watch this video. It's seriously amazing!) A Note On Inspiration:  Writers usually work really well when they're inspired, but once the inspiration goes away and you are left with bringing the project to completion, that's usually when people claim that they have writer's block. Or that they are stuck. That's just a sign that you need to pull on the work boots and muck into the deep of it all so you can finish your work. Write and finish it. 3. Are You Trying To Make It Too Perfect? There comes a point in every writer's life where we have to ship what we've written. Are you grasping onto your writing and worried that it isn't perfect? If you said yes to any of these points, follow me to the next section. You'll soon be unstuck with plenty of brilliant ideas. Pro Tip: Share your writing with a co-worker, friend, or someone else in your niche. Ask for their honest opinions. Take those to mind. Make a few last-minute changes. Send it out. Ship it. It's Time To Get Unstuck Here are some things that'll help you get unstuck so you'll be able to continue creating awesome content. Do You Know Your Project Well Enough? Ask yourself these questions: How well have I planned out my project? How well do I know about the things I'm trying to write about? If your answer is that you don't know, then it's time to open the books and website pages to research your topics a little bit better. How well do I know about the things that I am trying to write about? #amwritingGet Offline To Get Unstuck Unstick your brain by  getting off the computer. Go for a walk and get some fresh air.  Stanford researchers  found that walking really improves creativity.  You'll be amazed when ideas come to you while your away from the desk. So make sure you bring your phone with you so you can take notes if ideas come to you. In The Power of Full Engagement, Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz said that: ...between 90 and 120 minutes, the body begins to crave a period of rest or recovery. Signals include a desire to yawn and stretch, hunger pangs, increased tension, difficulty concentrating, an inclination to procrastinate or fantasize, and a higher incidence of mistakes. Pro Tip: Set an alarm on your phone or smart watch so that it will buzz every 90 minutes to alert you to get up and move. Here are some other ideas on what you can do to get some energy away from the computer: Write by hand with pen and paper. Take a water break. Implement essential oils into your day. Lemon is great for  re-energizing yourself and lavender is awesome for relaxation. Eat something healthy. Something like fruit. Take a short nap if you can. Even a 20-minute nap would help. Go out to eat lunch at a new place. Change up your surroundings. Pro Tip: Start a walking group at work to build energy  and  encourage movement. Write Something Else To Unstick Yourself If you're finding it really difficult to work on what you're writing, switch it up and spend a little time writing something else. You can do this by: Writing For Social Media How To Make Writing For Social Media Work For Your Business 8 Social Media Best Practices That Will Save You 25.5 Hours In A 2-Week Sprint What Is The Best Placement For Successful Social Media Buttons? Free Social Media Plan Template To Become A Social Media Rockstar Writing For Email 21+ Easy Ways To Build An Email List That Will Skyrocket By 552% In 1 Year The Complete, 4-Step Email List Building Strategy That Will Make You Successful The Ultimate Guide To Creating An Email Autoresponder Course 5 Easy Lead Conversion Tips For Your Email Marketing Program Writing For  Content Upgrades How To Plan A Content Creation Process Your Small Business Can Actually Achieve How to Use Content Syndication To Boost Your Subscribers In No Time How to Get Your Content In Front Of The Right Audience At The Right Time 10 Ways To Increase Your Subscriber Count (Without Tricking People) If you want more examples of what kinds of content upgrades do well, make sure you check out our Resource Library! Back To Table Of Contents Types Of Brainstorming For Getting Unstuck One way you can get to know your project better is by brainstorming. It's a creative way get more ideas. It also really helps with this so-called "writer's block". When I’ve been writing a lot and staring at a computer screen, I need to turn off the computer. I grab my favorite pen and notebook, and then I find a nice sunny spot where I can brainstorm and write. There is just something special about writing by hand and seeing the ink soak into the paper. I think it really helps you sort things out in a deeper way. Paul Bloom, Yale psychologist, said, â€Å"With handwriting, the very act of putting it down forces you to focus on what’s important... Maybe it helps you think better.† That's so true. Sometimes you might be hashing out all your ideas on the computer, and when nothing comes together, you give up on the post. It’s so easy to throw the towel in and walk away from an unfinished project that has potential, but that lost its shiny excitement. If you ever feel stuck, get out your notebook and pen. Brainstorming takes many different shapes and forms. First though, you need to figure out what you are writing about and why. Finding Your Topic What problem are you trying to solve for your audience? If I wanted to write this post "8 Social Media Best Practices That Will Save You 25.5 Hours In A 2-Week Sprint", what would the problem be? The problem I'd want to solve is= "My readers are spending too much time on social media when they'd really like to be working on the things that are truly important to them." My next step would be to think about the steps they'd need to "save time on social media". You can also do this, too. Start by following these steps: Pick out a problem that you want to solve. Then write out the steps it would take to solve that problem. The steps will look something like this: Step one that'll help them. (These steps will turn into your subheads.) Step two that'll help them. Step three that'll help them. After you've figured out the skeletal  system for your post, you'll be able to flesh it all out. Go in depth and make it actionable. Say Bye To "Writer's Block" By Making A List You can do this two different ways. Either you could brainstorm a list of things that are related somehow and put those into a blog post, or you could use this brainstorming activity to help you create a list of different writing ideas. Pro Tip: If you're trying to come up with the content for one article, make sure that it all fits into a certain topic. So focus your ideas, themes, tips, or steps so that they fit into that idea. Steps to brainstorming with a list: Sit down with your pen and paper. (Or whatever kind of note-taking utensils you like brainstorming with.) Set the timer for 5 minutes. (When you set a timer, this will help you whip out your ideas quicker. You'll spend less time hmmming and humming about what you actually want to write, and you'll spend more time actually writing.) List out all the things you'd like to write about. Remember, it can be anything. (Or list out everything you want to put into a single post.) Once you're done with the brainstorm, pick an idea and flesh it out. Recommended Reading: This Is The Ultimate Blog Writing Process To Create Killer Posts Do you remember drawing out mind maps in elementary school? #writing #amwritingMindstorming With Mind Mapping We've all done this kind of brainstorming at one time or another. Remember those bubbles that you used to draw in elementary school that would connect to other bubbles filled with similar ideas? It's still pretty much that simple. It's a great way to get your ideas all out in front of you. Are you ready? Set a timer for 5 minutes. Write down the problem point in the center of the page. Draw a bubble around it. Now, think about what things will solve that problem. Write those down and connect the ideas with lines. For each of the points that help you solve the problem, try to come up with 3-5 bubbled points that will actionably walk your readers through solving the problem that you want to help them with. Recommended Reading: 4 Simple Brainstorming Techniques That Will Help You Write Killer Content Use Content Mapping To Keep Your Blog Moving Forward 1-Sheet  Brain Dump Take all your thoughts on a certain topic and write them down on 1 sheet of paper. You can also do this to come up with tons of great writing prompts. For this kind of brainstorming, you don't need an outline. No bubbles or lines leading to other points. Unless of course, you want to do that. This is a safe place to just percolate on your ideas. Write it all down. Steps To The 1-Sheet Brain Dump: Set a timer for 5 minutes. Write down all your ideas on one sheet. There is no format to this type of brainstorming. What is important is that you get all your ideas out on paper. It is a massive brain dump. Ever record your brainstorm sessions? Speak out your thoughts and write them later. #amwritingSpeak Out All Your Ideas This is a form of brainstorming that I use to come up with fresh and exciting writing prompts. It will also help you flesh out your ideas quicker. Ever thought of brainstorming out loud? If not, follow these steps: Get your tape recorder or your smart phone recorder. Record yourself talking about your post ideas and what you'd like to do to help your audience figure out the answers to their problems. When you're done recording yourself, listen to the recording. Type everything out. You'll probably find out that you'll want to press pause a lot since other ideas will come back to you. You'll be amazed by how much more you'll  write. Pro Tip:  You can also do this again once you've written your outline. Read it out loud while recording it. You'll get more ideas on where to fill in the blanks. And your writing will run much smoother. Brainstorming on your computer? Now I know that sometimes brainstorming works perfectly on the computer, and for those moments, you don't want to brainstorm on paper- just go onto the computer. There are many great places to brainstorm on your computer and online.  Here are some great programs that I love using: Scrivener:  It is a great program  with many different settings for writers. If you haven't heard of it, make sure you check it out! Index Cards:  A wonderful app that allows you to organize digital index cards in a way that will help you sort your thoughts. You can also sync your index cards to Scrivener. SimpleMind+:  It's an app that you can use on your iPad to make mind mapping  easier. :  I really love working with when I am brainstorming a new project. Use To Brainstorm Your Posts There are so many great ways to use for brainstorming your blog post ideas. It gives writers a way to organize their ideas and follow through with publishing them. Steps To Brainstorm In : Open a stand-alone content in the app. If you have any links, photographs, graphics, infographics, gifs, or memes that you'd like to put into your post but don't want to lose them in between the time that you write the post and publish the post, you can just upload them into the comments section. It makes it so much easier so that you don't have to search around online or through your files to find the images or graphics at the last minute. If you brainstorm or write your blog posts in Evernote or in Google Docs, there is a way you can convert those into WordPress. Isn't that awesome? I love this function. Recommended Reading: The Ultimate Guide To Using You can also write your brainstorming/outline in the content editable area of 's stand alone content. Another awesome thing about brainstorming in is that you can automatically get your brainstorming and ideation publish-ready. Do all of this by pressing the button that little arrow points at (as seen in the picture above) and then press "convert to WordPress. This makes it super easy to bring everything over to WordPress. Now all you have to do is flesh out your brainstorm session/outline. 4. Now Create Your Own Writing Prompt Library After you've used all of those brainstorming ideas, keep track of your ideas in a writing prompt library. You can do this by storing them in an Evernote note or even on Google Docs or Sheets. (You also get this in the bundle that complements this post.) It will look something like this: How To Use Your Writing Prompt Library Fill in the columns in the  spreadsheet. You'll be asked these questions: List your prompts in the spreadsheet. In what blog category will this post fit? Do you have a keyword for it? When is the publish date? If there is something else you want to track in this writing prompt library, add to the columns at the top and track away. Back To Table Of Contents Ready To Get Writing? You know that the real culprit behind the phrase "Writer's Block" is really just an unhealthy mixture of "being stuck" + lack of good planning + procrastination. Even though it can be a real bother to be stuck, you now know how to get unstuck. You might have a set of brainstorming techniques that you are excited to start using. I hope this post helps you get unstuck and writing!

Moises Silva's A Case for Calvinistic Hermeneutics Research Paper

Moises Silva's A Case for Calvinistic Hermeneutics - Research Paper Example According to Moises, the Calvinistic hermeneutics is an expression of the interpretation from the Calvinists. The Calvinists have their interpretation in accordance to the intended message from the historical writers, which is acceptable and understood. The Calvinists have their own theories, principles and methods that are entirely used in expressing their interpretation of the scriptures. The Calvinists indulge such methods, principles and studies to ensure they come out with the best interpretation of the Bible.   This is an acceptable standard that is used worldwide in their quest for a universal interpretation that is devoid of distorted information.   This shows that the Calvinists have their own unique way of interpreting the Bible, which is acceptable in their own fraternity. Therefore, the use of other principles and methods in interpreting the Bible would not be acceptable by the Calvinists.   Moises insists that this is the root of a difference in some of the interpr etations in scriptures. Different fraternities have their own form of interpreting the Bible, which may not be acceptable with other fraternities.Moises states that all Christians in the world have their unique way of interpreting the Bible and scriptures. This depends on the factors that are respected by the Christians, and theory of unending faith to believe in the scriptures. This is an indication that Christians might have the same reading but have a different interpretation.... Therefore, the use of other principles and methods in interpreting the Bible would not be acceptable by the Calvinists. Moises insists that this is the root of a difference in some of the interpretations in scriptures. Different fraternities have their own form of interpreting the Bible, which may not be acceptable with other fraternities. Moises states that all Christians in the world have their unique way of interpreting the Bible and scriptures. This depends on the factors that are respected by the Christians, and theory of unending faith to believe in the scriptures. This is an indication that Christians might have the same reading but have a different interpretation, depending on their understanding of the scriptures. Comprehending the scriptures, therefore, depends on the Christian individual and the various values that are inclined to one’s faith in believing the scriptures. Some biblical texts have an insight while others have a deeper meaning. The meanings vary from C hristian to Christian, depending on the focal point and view of the information embedded in the scriptures. Some Christians only understand the outright meaning of a scripture and only take such information to use in their daily life. However, stout Christians will have a deeper and insightful reasoning from a scripture.3 This indicates that the two types of Christians read the same scripture but will denote a different understanding. This gives a difference in the hermeneutic expression, though it is in the same context. Therefore, focus on such would be a vital factor in understanding Moises’ Calvinistic hermeneutics. According to Moises, there are a number of Christians that have their own difference in interpretation the scriptures. Though they may have the

The ethics of selling guns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The ethics of selling guns - Essay Example rt into a particular country Even though it is not constitutional, mostly assault weapons, are banned for manufacture and import into the country, and all guns are barred for convicted criminals. Nonetheless, it is lawful to sell the parts required to assemble these weapons. Besides, there is no system put in place to track or register gun parts (except the receiver), and so several gun parts can be sold to criminals who can then assemble the guns for their criminal use. The question then arises, is it the ethical responsibility of gun manufacturers, dealers, and companies to close up gaps and offer tight regulations who they sell gun parts to and what type of parts they sell without infringing constitutional right and a basic freedom given to all citizens? Though it may not be constitutional to bar the production and importation of assault weapons, it is not ethical for gun manufacturers and companies to evade the law and undermine the government by making assault weapons easily acc essible, and making any gun available to a convicted criminal. The common argument that â€Å"Guns don’t kill, people do† does not apply to the utilitarian test. The correct principle is how much (dis)utility arises from selling the guns, irrespective of who shoots them. A gun manufacturer has to consider the negative utility created by those who use its guns. Nonetheless, the equally general argument that â€Å"If I don’t do it, someone else will† applies for the utilitarian test. If other producers would pick up the limp as a result of one’s decision not to sell assault weapons, leading to the similar total sales, then there is no obvious utilitarian argument for selling or against selling the firearms. On the contrary, the positive utility can be created (recreation, hunting, and self-defense) by selling guns that are not dangerous has less negative expected utility. As far as â€Å"categorical imperative† is concerned, Freeman argues that any ethical decision must be assessed

Britney Spears - A Woman I Admire Essay -- essays research papers

There are many women that have an impact on my life; however, the question is how many of them do I look up to? Of course the most obvious person is my very own mother, but that made me think who else deserves to join this circle of reverence. Some names entered my mind, but do I really admire them? It is clear that women that enter my daily life like Oprah Winfrey have an impression on me, but impact and admiration do not always go hand in hand. Then I realized who I really admire: Britney Spears. The teen pop idol singer Britney Spears is a woman that I look up to for many reasons. She has tantalized the entire world's youth with her incredible voice. By doing so, she serves as a role model for many of the young people growing up in today's society. Although Britney is only 19, she al...

Kimberly McCullough

Kimberly McCullough Colorado Christian UniversityCollege of Adult and Graduate StudiesBUS-301A, Business FinanceProfessor MurphyApril 18, 2018 Analyzing Your Financial RatiosIn Chapter Case â€Å"Question 1. I will provide, the current ratio measures a company's ability to pay short-term obligations. The quick ratio of S;S, which is an indicator of a company's short-term liquidity. be sure to show your work in calculating the ratios including the ratios of the company. (In Chapter 3, page 8, Finkler, S. 2017). When it comes to their financial planning at S & S Air, Inc their financial manager will be able to understand. In Chapter Case 1, with S&S Air, Inc. with this business working capital management they must work with certain banks about their contribution to their goals and their success in their business. S&S Air, Inc.2016 Income Statement S&S Air. Inc.2016 Balance Sheet Light Airplane Industry Ratios Capital Budgeting The case study presents two corporations (A and B) with different revenue values and expenses as well as variable depreciation expenses, tax rates and discount rates. When it comes to my mom and dad's business applying suitable expenditure controls to ensure that investments outlays conform with. When it comes to capital budgeting my parent's business they are determining the viability to long-term investments on purchase or replacement of property. (Dlabay, L. 2008, Chapter 3, pg.12-13)Ratios and Financial Planning at S&S Air, Inc.†Calculations Chapter Case â€Å"Conch Republic Electronics†Conch Republic Electronics is a midsized electronics manufacturer located in Key West, Florida. The company president is Shelley Conc, who inherited the company. When it was founded over 70 years ago, the company originally repaired radios and other household appliances. Over the years, the company expanded into manufacturing and is now a reputable manufacturer of various electronic items. Before launching a new series, the company need to go through the following steps as to ensure a smooth production of this new series. 1.1 10 Steps Before Launching New ProductsAs a business grows the question of the introducing new products/services arises. Launching new products/services means taking risks and managing change. Growth and change must be managed at the same time as on-going business operations. Maintaining momentum is challenging for small businesses with limited resources. (Mayo, H. 2017). QuestionsWhat is the payback period of the project?What is the profitability index of the project?What is the IRR of the project?What is the NPV of the project?All the cases are Excel-based?First, The Cost of Research & Development Second, for them to calculate networking capital for the next first two years their new smart phone company their smartphones prices generate erosion cost (negative side effect) to the existing smart phone. The loss from the total revenue of existing smart phone. The net incremental revenue of new smart phone is equal to the total revenue of new smart phone minus the total revenue loss from the existing smart phone.The Revenue Loss of Existing Smart Phone Comes from Two Parts.Part one: the sales units will be reduced, and the original price revenue on these sales unites will be gone (the sales units of the existing smart phone will fall by 30,000 units per year, and the price of the existing smart phone is $380 per unit). Part Two: In Conch Republic Electronics finding of the sensitivity of change in quantity of the remaining units will be sold at a lower price (the price of the existing units will have to be lowered to $ 210 each), and the price difference is a source of revenue. Take First Year for Example: The calculation of net incremental revenue of the second year is like the first year. Starting from the third year, there is no revenue loss of existing smart phone attributed by the new smart phone, because the production of the existing smart phone is terminated. The incremental revenue is just the revenue of new smart phone. (Brigham, E. 2016, Chapter 5 pg. 9-10)Third, when it comes to In Conch Republic Electronics cost they had to take their profitability and their credit worthiness. As a smartphone company they know that knowing the cost of capital it can make better decisions on its future investments and other such financing options. (Midgley, K. & Burns, R. 1997) The calculation of net variable cost of the second year is like the first year. Starting from the third year, there is no variable cost decrease of new smart phone. The net variable cost is just the variable cost of new smart phone.Four, when it comes to Conch Republic Electronics company they have to consider regarding asset acquisitions in other investments brought. Because it is a smartphone company calculating the fixed cost is just new smart phone's fixed cost. Chapter Case â€Å"Stephenson Real Estate Recapitalization† In this report I will be discussing the work in an AJD real estate office from different aspects: Market surveying, the standard operating procedures that be followed in the market, suggestions to improve the work of AJD office. (Huber, W. 2009, Chapter 5, pg. 10-12)1.2 Definitions:Real estate is â€Å"Property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals, or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this; (also) an item of real property; (more generally) buildings or housing in general. Also: the business of real estate; the profession of buying, selling, or renting land, buildings or housing. It is a legal term used in most of the formal deals in this field. (Davis, M. 2012, Chapter 5, pg. 2-10)†Stephenson Real Estate Recapitalization†In order for Stephenson's Real Estate recapitalization they have to effectively recapitalizing the companies by increasing the proportion of debt in the capital structure. Since Stephenson is an all-equity firm with 15 million shares of common stock outstanding, worth $35.20 per share, the market value of the firm is $528 million (= 15 million shares * $35.20 per share). Stephenson's market-value balance sheet before the announcement of the land purchase is:Because of the purchase, the firm's pre-tax earnings will increase by $27 million per year in perpetuity. These earnings are taxed at a rate of 40%. Therefore, after taxes, the purchase increases the annual expected earnings of the firm by $16.2 million {($27 million) (1 – 0.40)}. (Peiser, R. & Hamilton, D. 2012) Therefore, the net present value of the land purchase is $19.6 million.After the announcement, the value of Stephenson will increase by $19.6 million, the net present value of the purchase. Under the efficient-market hypothesis, the market value of the firm's equity will immediately rise to reflect the NPV of the project. Therefore, the market value of Stephenson's equity will be $547.6 million (= $528 million + $19.6 million) after the firm's announcement.Assessments and Measures Direct Versus Indirect Measures of AssessmentThe difference between direct and indirect measures of student learning has taken on new importance as accrediting agencies such as WASC have required the use of direct measures to be the primary source of evidence. Indirect measures may serve only as supporting evidence. (Linneman, P. 2010)Embedded and Add-On AssessmentEmbedded assessments are tasks that are integrated into specific courses. They usually involve classroom assessment techniques but are designed to collect specific information on program learning outcomes. (Claus, F. 2009)ConclusionWhat I have learned? This subject gave me an overview of key marketing concepts and techniques as they apply in a variety of organizations and in both conventional and online environments. Also, this subject helped me to develop my knowledge and understanding of the core role of marketing in determining the growth potential.ReferencesRoss, S., Westerfield, R., & Jordan, B. (2017). Essentials of Corporate Finance (9th ed.). Dlabay, Les (2008) Business Finance (1st Editio) Finkler, Steven (2017) Finance & Accounting for Nonfinancial Managers (5th Edition) Book – Softcover Mayo, B. Herbert (2017) Basic Finance: An Introduction to Financial Institutions, Investments, and Management Brigham, F. Eugene (2016) Fundamentals of Financial Management (14th ed.) Publisher: Cengage Learning Huber, Wait (2009) Real Estate Finance – (7th edition) Davis, Maria (2009) Accounting for Real Estate Transactions: A Guide for Public Accountants and Corporate Financial Professionals 2nd Edition Peiser, Richard & Hamilton, David (2012) Professional Real Estate Development: The ULI Guide to the Business Linneman, Peter (2010) Real Estate Finance & Investments: Risks and Opportunities Clauss, J. Frances (2009) Corporate Financial Analysis with Microsoft Excel Midgley, Kevin & Burns, G. Ronald (1979) Business Finance and the Capital Marketn.